Personnel of Establishment (Hrm)

3. 1 Personnel of the Establishment Manager Report to: Owner Department: Administration Duties& responsibilities 1. Estimate food consumption, place orders with suppliers, and schedule delivery of fresh food and beverages. 2. Resolve customer complaints about food quality or service. 3. Direct cleaning of kitchen and dining areas to maintain sanitation standards, and keep appropriate records. 4. Monitor actions of staff and customers to ensure that health and safety standards and liquor regulations are obeyed. 5. Maintain budget and employee records, prepare payroll, and pay bills, or monitor bookkeeping records. . May use computer software to monitor inventory, track staff schedules and pay, and perform other record keeping tasks. 7. Recruit, hire, and oversee training for staff. 8. Schedule work hours for servers and kitchen staff. 9. Monitor food preparation and methods. Waiters/Waitress Report to: Manager/Supervisor Department: Food and beverage Duties & responsibilities 1. Greet ing Customers 2. Offering and serving Beverages & Appetizer 3. Taking and serving meals orders 4. Continued service 5. Delivering the check and accepting payments 6. Provide proper dining service etiquette when serving meals 7. Preparing the dining room for meal service: set tables, set up service areas, refill condiments; be sure dining room and all service pieces are clean. 8. Clear tables, wipe tables and chairs or replace linens and wipe condiment containers. Qualifications: 1. Dining room service experience preferably in a hotel or resort 2. Possess a pleasant and outgoing personality. 3. Detail oriented 4. Ability to work morning, nights, weekends, and holidays. 5. Must have the ability to read, write and communicate in English. 6. Ability to grasp, lift, carry or otherwise move materials weighing up to 70 pounds Restaurant Supervisor Report to: Manager Department: Administration Duties & responsibilities 1. Maintain complete knowledge of and comply with all departmental policies/service procedures/standards. 2. Maintain complete knowledge of correct maintenance and use of equipment. Use equipment only as intended. 3. Anticipate guests' needs, respond promptly and acknowledge all guests, however busy and whatever time of day. 4. .Maintain positive guest relations at all times 5. Resolve guest complaints, ensuring guest satisfaction 6. Check storage areas for proper supplies, organization and cleanliness. Complete requisition for additional supplies needed and submit to Manager. Instruct designated personnel to rectify any cleanliness/organization deficiencies. 7. Meet with the Chef to review daily specials and 86'd items; update board throughout shift. 8. Complete all paperwork and closing duties in accordance with departmental standards. 9. Review status of assignments and any follow-up action with Manager and/or on-coming Supervisor Qualification: 1. Minimum 21 years of age to serve alcoholic beverages 2. 2 years experience as Room Service Server 3. Knowledge of various food service styles (i. e. , French service, Russian service, Family Style service, Butler Style service). . Must have good understanding of the English language Cook Report to: Executive Chef Department: F&B Department Duties & responsibilities 1. Prepares and cooks meats, fish, vegetables, gravies, cereals, soups, fruits, bakery products and other forms of food. 2. Prepares and cooks food for special diets from recipes formulated by qualified personnel. 3. Assists in on-the-job training and assist in directing the work of food service workers, students and other employees within area of assignment 4. Assists in the preparation of salads and desserts 5. Notifies supervisor of food and supplies needed. Checks in food and supplies as necessary. Maintains food production records. 6. Maintains maximum standards of sanitation and safety. Qualification: 1. Ability to stand for long periods of time 2. Ability to lift up to 50 pounds. 3. Ability to provide on-the-job training in food preparation to lower level employees. 4. Ability to maintain effective working relationships with others 5. Ability to read, write and follow instructions Dishwasher Report to: Manger/Supervisor Department: Duties & Responsibilities: 1. Sets up and cleans dish machine area; checks temperatures and soap dispensing levels 2. Stores clean equipment and utensils 3. Assists in maintaining preparation and service areas in a sanitary condition 4. Empties garbage to dump site 5. Sweeps and mops floor 6. Operates a dish machine to wash dishes, glasses, cups, trays, silverware and food service equipments Qualifications: 1. Must possess effective listening skills and the ability to communicate in a clear and concise manner 2. Ability to work independently as well as work as part of team Janitor Report to: Manager/Supervisor Department: Duties & Responsibilities: 1. Cleaning toilets, sweeping/mopping floors, cleaning up spills; cleaning as a whole. . Operate and keep up machines used on the job such as wet and dry vacuums, buffers, and polishers. Executive Chef Report to: Manager/ Supervisor Department: F&B Department Duties and Responsibilities: 1. Supervise food production 2. Prepare food daily as outlined on the Food Production Worksheet 3. Maintain kitchen sanitation and safety standards 4. Assist with set-up, service and clean-up of food production 5. Ensure proper sanitation and storage of kitchen equipment 6. Assist with safety and training procedures in handling of food service 7. Must be able to manage a staff of 10-15 associates Qualifications: . Sanitation Certificate 2. Minimum of 5 years previous Chef experience preferred 3. Previous Health Care Food Service experience preferred 4. Understanding of working with older population 5. Ability to work early morning or evening shifts Sous Chef Report to: Executive Chef Department: F&B Department Duties and Responsibilities: 1. Supervise food production 2. Prepare food daily as outlined on the Food Production Worksheet 3. Maintain kitchen sanitation and safety standards. 4. Assist with set-up, service and clean-up of food production 5. Ensure proper sanitation and storage of kitchen equipment 6. Assist with safety and training procedures in handling of food service equipment 7. Ensure compliance with state local and regulatory agencies as it relates to Food Service Qualifications: 1. High School diploma or equivalent required 2. Sanitation Certificate 3. Previous Chef experience preferred 4. Minimum one year volume cooking experience 5. Previous Health Care Food Service experience preferred 6. Understanding of working with older population 7. Ability to work early morning or evening shifts 8. Culinary education required See table 3. 1: |Personnel’s |No. f personnel’s | |Manager |1 | |Waiters/Waitress |5 | |Restaurant Supervisor |1 | |Cook |4 | |Executive Chef |1 | |Sous Chef |1 | 3. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Type of Business Organization We chose line type functional because this type of organization facilitates decision making due to its simplicity of its organizational structure. It also facilitates discipline and control of individuals and to maintain flexibility with organization as a response a constantly changing conditions and demands of its environment. 3. 3 Proposed Organizational Structure The Italian Restaurant Di Buongusto is established by 8 people, that classified as corporation. This establishment has different position as stated below in Figure 3. 3 The manager of the restaurant is the one who manages and control the business/establishment, and followed by restaurant supervisor that supervised & inspect the establishment and also observe the lower position if they do their job appropriately. Executive Chef is a head chef, that guides the Sous Chef in preparing foods that you will serve in the establishment and takes command of the actual production and the minute-by-minute supervision and scheduling of the kitchen staff. , then waiters is the one who receives the orders of the customers and they are the one who serves, the food to them. Dishwasher/ janitor, they are the one who maintains the cleanliness and orderliness of the establishment FIGURE 3. 3 DI BUONGUSTO ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 3. 4 Proposed Management Principles & Practices MISSON A quality and values will secure our success. We will live by our values, have fun, and take pride in what we do. Our values are to maintain a work environment where people enjoy coming to work, to serve our guests and exceed their expectations, and to be profitable and result oriented. VISSON To provide quality food that tastes good, friendly, attentive servers who make customers feel welcome and clean, well-maintained surroundings and prices that represent a good value. We believe these expectations must be met every time a customer enters in our restaurants. OBJECTIVES 1. To represent commitment to achieve specific performance targets for a certain time. 2. To be must stated in quantifiable terms and contain a deadline for achievements. 3. To spell-out how much of what kind of performance by when. 4. To increase sales growth. 5. To become socially aware and responsible. CORPORATE GOALS ? To have at least 50% return of the investment after a year of operation. ? To maintain liquidity of asset and availability of cash in hand every year. To introduce and develop new product. ? To have another branch after 3 to 4 years. ? To introduce and develop new product. ? To have relaxing and comfortable appeal to the customers. RULES AND REGULATIONS ? Always in proper uniform. ? Pun ctuality. ? Discourage too much jewelry inside the establishment. ? Always observe cleanliness. ? Be courteous and kind to customers. ?   Tips from the customers are centralized. SUNCTIONS ? One (1) week suspension, if an employee bring out food from the establishment without the permission from supervisor. ? Four (4) tardy marks are equivalent to one (1) absence. ? Going outside the establishment in time of work is one (1) week suspension. First Offence = one (2) week Suspension. ? 2nd Offence = two (2) weeks Suspension. ? 3rd Offence = Dismissal from the establishment. 3. 6 TRAINING AND PLACEMENT Identify the training needed for professional growth. In general, chefs and cooks measure, mix, and cook ingredients according to recipes, using a variety of pots, pans, cutlery, and other equipment, including ovens, broilers, grills, grinders, and blenders. Chefs and head cooks also are responsible for directing the work of other kitchen workers, estimating food requirements, and order ing food supplies. Larger restaurants and food services establishments tend to have varied menus and larger kitchen staffs. They often include several chefs and cooks, sometimes called assistant or line cooks, along with other lesser skilled kitchen workers, such as food preparation workers. Each chef or cook works an assigned station that is equipped with the types of stoves, grills, pans, and ingredients needed for the foods prepared at that station. Job titles often reflect the principal ingredient prepared or the type of cooking performed. Most fast-food or short-order cooks and food preparation workers require little education or training; most skills are learned on the job. Training generally starts with basic sanitation and workplace safety subjects and continues with instruction on food handling, preparation, and cooking procedures. A high school diploma is not required for beginning jobs, but it is recommended for those planning a career as a cook or chef. High school or vocational school programs may offer courses in basic food safety and handling procedures and general business and computer classes for those who want to manage or open their own place. Many school districts, in cooperation with State departments of education, provide on-the-job training and summer workshops for cafeteria kitchen workers who aspire to become cooks. Large corporations in the food services and hospitality industries also offer paid internships and summer jobs to those just starting out in the field. Internships provide valuable experience and can lead to placement in more formal chef training programs. Process of promotions (criteria) evaluation performance. The new criteria introduce several innovations. With the new guidelines, individuals are not categorized into a single set of criteria. Rather, there is a flexible structure that provides a menu of options, allowing assembly of a profile that reflects the unique combination of activities and accomplishments of each member. The criteria also recognize the importance about their jobs. This structure allows the sum total of an individual’s achievements to be considered in the evaluation for promotion. |3. Salary Administration | |The Di Buongusto (Pizza and Pasta Restaurant) will hire one manager with a salary ranging from P12,000 to P13,000 per month. Two Chef with | |a salary from P30,000 to 31,200 per month. Five waiter with a salary ranging from P9,000 to P9,932. One restaurant supervisor with a | |salary from P11,0 00 to 11,700. Four cook with a salary of P9,500 to 10,400. Three dishwasher with a salary ranging from P9,000 to P9,932. | |Two janitor with a salary ranging from P9,000 to P9,932. | |Manager | |P 500. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months | |  P 156,000. 0 | | | |Chef | |P 1,200. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months | |P 374,400. 00 | | | |Waiter | |P 382. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months | |P 119,184. 0 | | | |Restaurant supervisor | |P 450. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months | |P 140,400. 00 | | | |Cook | |P 400. 0/day X 26 days X 12 months | |P 124,800. 00 | | | |Dish washer | |P 382. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months | |P 119,184. 00 | | | |Janitor | |P 382. 00/day X 26 days X 12 months | |P 119,184. 0 | | | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Total salary :  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   P 1,153,152. 00 | 3. 8 Employees Benefits ? SSS ? Sick Leave ? Emergency Leave ? Maternity/ Paternity Leave ? Transportation Allowance ? Free food ? 13th Month Pay ? Sack of rice Every 2 months ? Perfect attendance (get Php. 500. 00 every pay day) 3. 9 Operating Rules House Rules 1. All employees should wear the proper uniform. 2. All employees should always come to work on time. 3. All employees should obey and respect whoever is higher to them. 4. All employees must be friendly to the customers. 5. Always smile. 6. All employees must remember that the customer is always right. 7. No resting during working hours. 8. Clean the area always. Customer Rules 1. Customers must wear a proper attire. 2. No wearing of sleeveless shirts, shorts and slippers. 3. Pets are not allowed inside the establishment. 4. No firearms allowed. Fire and Safety Rules 1. Location and number of fire extinguishers should be decided according to the material stored in the building. 2. Expert advice should be taken in installing fire safety equipments and smoke detectors. 3. Fire fighting equipment and signage should be prominently displayed. 4. All employees must be well-trained when an emergency occurs. 5. An established chain of commands and procedures to be followed in an emergency, including an evacuation plan. 6. Designation of a person or committee to oversee the safety plan and establishment procedures. 7. Make sure the establishment has up-to-date fire alarms, a working sprinkler system and/or fire extinguishers and a first-aid kit and other safety equipment on site. 8. Be prepared for regular fire inspection visits by knowing local fire and safety codes. Sanitation Rules 1. All employees should wear clean outer clothing to prevent contamination of food, equipments, utensils, and linens. 2. All employees experiencing persistent sneezing, coughing, or runny nose that causes discharges from the eyes, nose, or mouth may not work with exposed food; clean equipments, utensils and linens. 3. All employees should wash their hands before and after working to avoid contamination. 4. All employees must not use a utensil more than once to taste food that is to be sold or served. 5. Raw ready-to-eat food shall be stored separately from ready-to-eat food. 6. Food shall be obtained from sources that comply with all laws relating to food and food labeling. 7. All employees must have a proper hygiene. Plumbing Rules 1. Water service lines must be installed to a point along road frontage of a lot where city water is available. 2. A minimum of 10’ between any driveway and the service line must be maintained. 3. Clean-outs must be provided. 4. The property owner is responsible for ensuring the integrity and accessibility of the property line clean-out. 5. Must regularly check the water lines of the establishments. 6. Plumbing Inspectors and/or his designee shall make all required inspections, or shall accept reports of inspections by approved agencies or individuals. CHAPTER 3 Management and Personnel Feasibility Submitted by: 3HRM04 ———————– OWNER RESTAURANT MANAGER RESTAURANT SUPERVISOR SERVICE FOOD & BEVERAGES WAITERS EXECUTIVE CHEF DISHWASHER/ JANITOR SOUS CHEF COOK

A Thesis Statement on the novel Candide by Voltaire Essay

Not everything is all for the best. The novel Candide by Voltaire delved into the miseries of men, politics and religion where every unfortunate event that happens to the individual is to be accepted since it is all for the best. Many times in the novel, Candide’s esteemed professor, Pangloss remarked that â€Å"Everything is all for the best†. For his part, Voltaire seems to be questioning the concept of fatalism. Fatalism is the view that individuals are powerless to do anything other that what we actually do. It seems ironic that Candide remains optimistic despite all that he had experienced; the banishment from the castle, the flogging by the soldiers and the sinking of the ship. All these events would have made a weaker man fall on his knees and curse the heavens; but not Candide. After all, everything is for the best. Nevertheless, Candide retains his goodwill, generosity and ironically, his optimism. The concept of fatalism is taking the easy way out. There are many instances where Candide could have avoided such unfortunate circumstances; like losing his sheep as well as his treasure. Not only that, he squandered his remaining treasure to unworthy individuals. Another instance was when Candide was flogged. He merely accepted it. He was thinking along the lines that everything is all for the best. But to think about it, how unjust is it to be lashed a thousand times for being misunderstood as deserting. In some way, Voltaire was criticizing citizens who could accept the unjust and irrational decisions of their government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In connection with the idea of fatalism is the concept of free will. If humans were given the gift of free will, then the idea that everything is all for the best would be inconsistent. A person who has free will would be capable of shaping his or her own destiny. In lieu of this, Candide should be able to change the events that weren’t suppose to happen to him or if they did happen, then the result would not have been so disastrous or it could have at least been minimized. One example had been where Candide stabbed the Baron, Cunegonde’s brother. He could have restrained himself and could have conducted an oral argument instead. What Candide did was rash and unwise that it was no surprise that it would end disastrously. Today, a person is expected to act and speak tactfully. There would be chaos if everyone wanted to have their own way. Another example was when Candide and his companion were nearly eaten by the Oreillons but were saved   because he killed a Jesuit, Cunegonde’s brother, the Baron. In this time, Candide thanked his good fortune for killing a Jesuit to avoid being eaten. It should have crossed his mind that if he had not stabbed the Baron, then they would have not been in that situation in the first place. It is easy to blame every happening in life as part of a grand plan. That everything is destined and fated. But if it is, then why is there free will? It could not merely be some trick to man to think that he has control over the events in life. Constant striving to be better is what makes the world go round. The discovery of unknown places and uncharted waters are the product of motivation and will of men. In essence, man’s free will is the reason. All the consequences of one’s actions are due to one’s interactions. Candide’s optimism, naivete and innocence may have drawn its source from Mademoiselle Cunegonde. She’s beautiful and charming and guileless. To Candide, she’s the one reason to remain living despite all the miseries of the world. In some ways, she had also been the reason why in the later part of the novel, Candide encountered many unfortunate events. He even left the utopian world of El Dorado just to be with his beloved Cunegonde. Cunegonde symbolizes Candide’s optimism. In the novel, Voltaire also portrays the human being’s love of life. The old woman was acknowledged as the person who encountered the most unfortunate miseries. However, in spite of all that, she’s admits that she still loves life and never would she have killed herself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The â€Å"All for the best† concept was finally refuted and rejected by Candide. In the novel, Pangloss said to Candide â€Å"All events are linked up in this best of all possible worlds; for, if you had not been expelled from the noble castle by hard kicks in your backside for love of Mademoiselle Cunegonde, if you had not been clapped into the Inquisition, if you had not wandered about America on foot, if you had not stuck your sword in the Baron, if you had not lost all your sheep from the land of El Dorado, you would not be eating candied citrons and pistachios here†. Upon which Candide replied, â€Å"Tis well said, but we must cultivate our gardens†. (Voltaire, 1949)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This shows that nothing happens without a reason. Many times in the novel, cause and effect was mentioned. That is correct; everything that happens would have an equal effect. Every action has an equal reaction. Even as simple as growing fruits and vegetables is equivalent to days and nights of hard work. They did not just magically appear from the ground or fallen from heaven. It’s the same with what happened to Candide and his companions. Some events may have been the act of God, but it is up to man to ensure that everything would be all right. References    Rice, H., â€Å"Fatalism†, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2002 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/fatalism/ Voltaire (1949). The portable Voltaire (B.R.Redman, Ed.). Canada: McMillan.

Human resources management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human resources management - Assignment Example The hard HRM philosophy is based on the notion of tight strategic control and the soft model on the contrary is based on controlling through commitment. However, it must be admitted that because of the diverse nature of the two concepts their incorporation into a single model of HRM remains incomplete and improper (Truss, et al., 1997, p.53). The basic differences between the two philosophies can be elaborated using the Michigan and the Harvard models on management. Harvard and Michigan had put forth Theory X and Theory Y for explaining the difference concepts of HRM. Theory X is based on the notion where people are viewed as being lazy and who work for own interest. It considers the interests of people and management as being completely opposite nature and those organizations need to direct their behaviour to the organization’s benefit. Theory Y considers human beings as being emotional possessing feelings and motivation. They actively participate in activities which give the m pleasure and personal realization and that it is the duty of the management to motivate them and help realize their potential (Truss, et al., 1997, p.54). According to the findings of Poole and Mansfield, (1994), the hard model comprises of amore strategic approach which endorses the views of the management more than the employees. On the other hand the soft model emphasizes more on communication, team work and group activities and utilization of individual talents (Gill, 1999, p.2). Theory X which is based on the hard HRM model mainly focuses on the nature of the organization and the organizational characteristics paying very little attention to the nature of the employees while on the contrary, the soft model based on which Theory Y is derived considers nature of employees and their needs and requirements for delivering to the organization (Price, 2007, p.42). Also the soft model of HRM considers increased satisfaction as the management’s main aim against the various calc ulated methods which characterizes the hard model. Lastly it must be mentioned that the hard model was one of the very first theories which were developed when organizations were born and they do not exactly demonstrate human nature. They were regarding the ways of managing the workforce through scientific measurements. This theory considered humans as resources like the way machines were treated as resources of the organization. However, the soft model thinks that individuals can be proactive and creative and must be nurtured by the organization in order to ensure their commitment (Price, 2007, p.42). Advantages and disadvantages of each approach Hard HRM practices are extremely tough minded and calculative and communicates through tough languages of economics and business. It focuses on the calculative and quantitative business strategic aspects of managing human resource. The beneficial aspect of this model is that it provides a close integration of the HRM policies, practices, s ystems and activities with the strategic interests of the

Soil Mechanics Exercises Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Soil Mechanics Exercises - Math Problem Example From the chart we have D10 = 0.2 D30 = 0.45 D60 = 1.20 So Coefficient of uniformity is = D60/D30 Cu = 1.20/0.2 = 6.0 And Coefficient of curvature of the soil is = D302/(D10 x D60) Cc = 0.452/(0.2 x 1.2) = 0.84375 (iv) From the particle size distribution chart we can see that the particles are distributed over a wide range. So, this is a well graded soil. ... 3 (a) At 0 m Total stress= ?= ?d hw +q = 16 (0) + 10 =10 Kpa Pore pressure = u = ?w x (h – hw) = 9.81 (0)=0 Effective stress = ?’= ? – u = 10 – 0 =10 Kpa At 1 m Total stress= ?= ?d hw +q = 16 (1) + 10 = 26 Kpa Pore pressure = u = ?w x (h – hw) = 9.81 (0) = 0 Effective stress = ?’= ? – u = 26 – 0 = 26 Kpa At 3 m Total stress= ?= ?d hw +q + ?sat (h – hw) = 16 + 10 + 20 (2) = 66 KPa Pore pressure = u = ?w x (h – hw) = 9.81 x (2) = 19.62 Kpa Effective stress = ?’= ? – u = 66 – 19.62 = 46.38 Kpa At 7 m Total stress= ?= ?d hw +q + ?sat (h – hw) = 16 + 10 + 20 (6) = 146 KPa Pore pressure = u = ?w x (h – hw) = 9.81 x (6) = 58.86 Kpa Effective stress = ?’= ? – u = 146 – 58.86 = 87.14 Kpa (b) Unit weight of silty sand = ?s= porosity * specific gravity * 9.81 = 0.54 x 2.61 x 9.81 = 14 kN/m3 Saturated weight of clay =?c= = = 17.82 kN/m3 At 0 m Total stress= ?= ?s h = 14 ( 0) = 0 Pore pressure = u = ?w x (h – hw) = 9.81 (0) =0 Effective stress = ?’= ? – u = 0 At 2.5 m Total stress= ?= ?s h = 14 (2.5) = 35 KPa Pore pressure = u = ?w x (h – hw) = 9.81 x (0) = 0 Effective stress = ?’= ? – u = 35 - 0 = 35 Kpa At 5 m Total stress= ?= ?s h = 14 x 5 = 70 Kpa Pore pressure = u = ?w x (h – hw) = 9.81 x (2.5) = 24.5 kPa Effective stress = ?’= ? – u = 70 – 24.5 = 45.5 Kpa At 9 m Total stress= ?= ?s h +?c (h – 5) = 14 x 9 + 17.82 (4) = 197.3 KPa Pore pressure = u = ?w x (h – hw) = 9.81 x (6.5) = 63.76 Kpa Effective stress = ?’= ? – u = 197.3 – 63.76 = 133.54 Kpa Question No. 4 (a) Shear box apparatus The soil is contained in a box which has a separate top half and bottom half. A normal stress is

Enhancing Communication through Intensive Interaction Essay

Enhancing Communication through Intensive Interaction - Essay Example As the discussion stresses  disabilities in communication and learning have become an important issue since the beginning of the 18th century. Learning disability is the failure to communicate with society and which in turn allow the protagonist  to live within a  rigid circle of interaction, understand things etc. These sorts of problem have been identified both in children and in adults. Special studies, theories and teaching styles are now in practise among the teachers and the parents.This study discusses that categorising people who have severe learning and communicating difficulties and analyzing the aspect of successful communication through Intensive Interaction is one of the key concepts insisted by many theorists of today, such as Nind, Hewett, M.J.Connor etc . Learning disability does not always arise out of common inborn factors such as a deaf, dumb, or blind. However, these factors might also lead to learning difficulties. There are other factors such as the enviro nment factor and neurological problems contribute a lot to these issues. The lack of ability to listen, to speak, to read, to write , to spell, and the most important the lack of ability to rationally look into things contribute a lot for the psychological failure of a person. Intensive interaction, has been implemented with the a deep intension to help the disabled in at least achieve a partial understanding and communication between the disables and the society.

Volunteer assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Volunteer - Assignment Example volunteers to have a chance to give back, one can see too that it is not just the hungry and the unemployed that are being served here, but that those who serve are also getting so much in return. What I personally got from this experience is something that is very hard to quantify and to put into words, and I suspect that for every volunteer it is different too. What I can say for myself is that this experience opened my eyes to the reality of poverty, how it is sometimes beyond the personal capacity of a person to prevent, that it is something that can hit anybody at any time. Looking at the mix of people who were served too, one can see that this is not just about food, it is also about being able to rely on something that is constant and nourishing, in a world that can be so unpredictable and dangerous, being out on the streets and unable to find work and the means to support oneself. Going to the soup kitchen, they can expect nourishment, and they can expect to have this repriev e from the randomness of their lives five days a week. It is a lifeline. On the other hand for volunteers this is also a kind of lifeline, something that is likewise constant and something that volunteers can rely on, as a kind of refuge too, in a way. People need this kind of avenue for giving back to New York as well (Holy Apostles Soup Kitchen). Looking at the people too, and hearing about some of their lives, what they have been through and what they are currently going through, I realize that sometimes life can hit you hard and there is sometimes no way to prepare for what is going to come next. This contextualizes the readings and discussions in class, in terms of bringing this subjective and personal perspective into homelessness and poverty. Reflecting further, I realize poverty in New York is something that can happen to me too, and that therefore I am really doing this work partly for myself. In normal times these kinds of thoughts and insights will not enter my mind, and it

Leadership Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leadership Case Study - Essay Example Knight’s leadership style was passionate and demanding. His approach to the game generated a superfluous list of accomplishments and controversies. Knight was more about intensity where he intensified on everything he does. He compassionated to complete and win any game. Mike Krzyzewski was a coach at Duke University. Mike had a good leadership since the students did not believe when had a contract of leaving Duke to be a coach in Los Angeles Lakers. It was a great negative impact to the Duke’s basketball program and at his presence it ranged as most successful sport dynasty (Brill, 2012). Coach K applied one rule that any player should not do anything that can cause detrimental because it can also affect the Duke’s basketball program. He usually stated that it was not his desires to be a dictator or a manager, but a good leader, which is ongoing, flexible, adjustable and dynamic. Both of the coaches had disciplinary actions to their players through investing heavily in skills and drills, exhaustively analyzing game films, practices and strategies and practicing the set plays. Both of the coaches a good relationship with their basketball players because they were trusted and had more influence to them. Conclusively, for a person to be a good leader is a matter of choice, but not set rules or conditions. Situational Leadership II is both a structure for employee and business language development that surpasses linguistic, geographical and cultural boundaries. The model helps the leaders to diagnose the requirements of a team or individual in order to use the suitable leadership style in responding the person’s needs. The Situational Leadership II model uses game-changing methods that submerge learners in SLII deeply, quickly and effectively. Leadership is a process that involves motivation of employees or players. The leaders are supposed to influence the members in

Resistance to change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Resistance to change - Research Paper Example ). They usually have three shifts a week and many nurses are pleased with such schedule, because they have much time to have a rest and devote to their families. Nurses have four free days after three working days and are able to get acquainted with all their patients and learn about their problems. However, last time this schedule was widely discussed as there are a lot of doubts appeared around it (Reid, and Dawson, 2000). The question is if a person is biologically capable of working uninterruptedly during 12 hours and if this work can bring positive results (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). The trouble is that 12 consecutive hours of work make a person physically and emotionally exhausted (Reid, and Dawson, 2000). At the end of the working period a nurse inevitably becomes less attentive, slow and loses the ability to take fast decisions that is extremely important in nursing profession. Moreover, some nurses prefer not to waste time even for a break to have some meal. Many nurses cons ider this to be unnecessary. Now many scholars who study this issue call such way of life â€Å"a way to disaster† (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). According to Reid and Dawson, â€Å"Notable reductions in neurobehavioural performance during shift work and particularly night work have long been recognized. These reductions in performance are thought to be the result of both the sleep disruption associated with shift work3  and the circadian rhythm of performance† (Reid, and Dawson, 2000). In order to maintain physical ability to work, nurses often drink coffee. The profession of a nurse is included in top ten professions, which consume coffee excessively (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). However, excessive coffee consumption can lead to very bad consequences such as increased excitability and dream abnormality. If to remember that nurses usually do not have much time to sleep, these abnormalities may result in more serious diseases. Thus, 12 hours shifts schedule is harmful not only for patients but for nurses itself (What are 12-hour shifts good for?). Despite all these factors, many nurses become irritable, when they are told that it would be better to change their schedule from 12 hours shift to 8 hours shift (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). They like their 12 hours shifts schedule and want to have many consecutive free days to devote them to their families. â€Å""I prefer 12-hour shifts because I am forced to be diligent about my sleep. Very early in my career, I worked 8-hour night shifts -- it was way too easy to keep postponing my bedtime." Another nurse believes that "8-hour shifts are harder because you have stay up 5 nights a week rather than just 3 nights." (cited in Stokowski, 2013). 8 hours shift five times a week seems unsuitable for nurses, thus many of them are against such change in their schedule (Are 12-hour shifts safe?). Those nurses who are over 55 years old are not against the change in schedule. It is difficult for them to work for 12 consecutive hours because of their age (Reid, and Dawson, 2000). Thus they want to have fewer working hours a day. Reid and Dawson state: â€Å"The combined effect of 12 hour shifts and age may result in greater reductions in performance of older than younger workers. If this is the case then there may be serious implications for worker productivity and safety. Considering the increase in the number of older shift workers currently employed and the prediction that this will continue to increase in the future,

Importance of Technical & Vocational Institution Essay Example for Free

Importance of Technical Vocational Institution Essay This research attempts to investigate the importance of technical vocational institution. This research is also carried out to find out the various methods objective of research. What is the expectation to fulfil the requirement of being indusrtialized nation?. Well, having the existence of technical vocational institution are mainly to produce hands on skills on students as well as to develop them to become a part of industrialized nation. In developing our country , technical vocational school has come to existence to give students opportunity to choose skills that can be learned. This research is carried out to find out the advantages of having technical vocational institution in Malaysia. Besides that, this research to investigate the effectiveness of having this kind of school in our country and ways to improve vocational technical education system. 1. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH This research is carried out to provide awareness of the existence of technical and vocational institution as well as to introduce the importances of this institution. Nowadays, we are facing problem that this kind of institution is out of date and is lacking systematically and also having doubts whether it is meeting the current industrial needs in the country. Therefore, this research is carried out to introduce and emphasized on the importance of this institution. The background of this research is based on its development. The formal technical and vocational education system under the Ministry of Education starts at the upper secondary level, where there are 70 secondary vocational schools with an enrolment of 33,751 students and nine secondary technical schools having a total 5,339 students. The secondary vocational schools offer a course structure that covers the same core subjects as in other upper secondary academic schools. In addition to these core subjects, the vocational school students select a group of vocational subjects in accordance with the vocational course following. Vocational studies make up about 50 percent of the total course content in the secondary vocational school. Based in nature and technical subjects offered are less practical in nature. Technical studies make up only about 17 per cent of the total course content in the secondary technical school. At the post-secondary level there are six polytechnics with a student population of 15, 000 with about 12,000 students undergoing courses at the certificate level and 3,000 students at the diploma level. The objective of the polytechnics is to produce trained manpower at the semi-profesional level in various areas of engineering and commerce. At the certificate level about 80 percent of the students are following engineering courses. Female students make up about 25 percent of the total student population. Some examples of training government agencies are MARA- skills training institutes Ministry of Youth and Sport – Youth Training Centres and Ministry of Welfare Services- Training Centres. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Statement of problems: 1. It shows that lately technical vocational institution is out of date. 2. Students mainly are not aware of the avantages of technical vocational institution. 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This researh method to meet the following objectives: * To investigate the importances of technical vocational institution. * To find out ways to improve tecnical vocational education system. 1. 4 RESEARCH QUESTION The following research question is translated in order to meet the research objective. * Which is the importance of technical vocational institution?. * What is the implication to students on the importance of having technical vocational institution?. 1. 5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of the study is to help students and teacher to indentify the importance of having technical vocational institutons. Vocational and technical education is important because not everyone should be expected to take the path of going to a university and getting a university degree. Some people prefer to take a non-academic path because this is where their passion and interests lies. As such, having a good vocational and technical training and education program is important to ensure that students who are inclined towards these sectors have a respectable channel to pursue skills in this area. In Malaysia, making the pursuit of these skills is one of the ways to reduce school dropout rates and to increase the skills and earning power of those who do not lean towards the academic arena. Most students graduate without actually obtaining a real tertiary education, and the good students also suffer because the intellectual discourse that is supposed to happen in classes never materializes. This is a truly unfortunate side effect of the governments drive to produce more graduates. Enrollment criteria into universities get lowered every year because of the competition to get students at all costs, so quality suffers even more. 1. 6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research covers only students from Universiti Industri Selangor ( UNISEL ) where the research was conducted to find out the results and point of views regarding the topic of research. Besides that, the research only covers students aged between 18 to 25 years old for oipinions and point of view on the matter of the topic. The research also covers only soe student from technical vocatioanal school. 1. 7 CONCLUSION This chapter gives brief explaination, definition on the background of the study where researcher aim to investigate the mportance of technical vocational institution and the affectiveness of having this kind of school in our country as well to support our country to become and industrilized country. This chapter also gives the background of the study and significance of the study. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 INTRODUCTION Literature review comprises of related literature which is definition of topic, a general overview, advantages and also types of technical vocational institution. In this chapter it shows the types of technical institution available. Besides that, the current importance is shown in the advantages as well as the implication of the topic. The variations of institution is also mentioned in this chapter to give clear view of the types of school available, thus emphasizing on the importance of this research. 2. 2 RELATED LITERATURE 2. 2. 1- Definition of technical and vocational institution. 2. 2. 2- Advantages of technical vocatioanal institution. 2. 2. 3- Types of technical vocational institution. 2. 2. 1 DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION Tecnique means a particular way of doing something, especially one in which you have to learn special skills. Besides that, it is the skill with which somebody is able to do something practical. ( Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7 Ed, 2006). Institution on the hand is defined as a large important organization that has a particular purpose, for example, a university or school. In this case, institution is a place where it serves the need of educating technical skills as well as basic subjects to students. While cited in the web Wikipedia, vocational education or Vocational Education and Training (VET), also called Career and Technical Education (CTE), prepares learners for jobs that are based in manual or practical activities, traditionally non-academic and totally related to a specific trade, occupation or vocation, hence the term, in which the learner participates. It is sometimes referred to as technical education, as the learner directly develops expertise in a particular group of techniques or technology. 2. 2. 2 ADVANTAGES OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION. In this chapter, researcher will be emphasizing in the advantages of technical vocational institution. Nowadays,not everyone should be expected to take a path of going to University and getting a university degree. Therefore, having technical vocational institution is to ensure that students who are inclined towrd these sector ( technical vocational ) have a respectable channel to persue skills in this area which is to technical vocational scholls as well as institution. Besides that, having technical and vocational school is to reduce school dropout  rates and to increase the skills and earning power of those who do not learn toward academic area. These students will have quality hands on skills and is useful in providing them job opportunity in future especially in the techinical industry. Students also are abe to develop their skills as well make use of it in the current development. On the other hand, some student are able to study basic subjects and favoured skills as they want to. This increase the capability of learning and creats creatve individuals for the nation. Besides being a stepping stone, yhis hands on students in developng skill and providing job opportunity. Iit also produces active quality manpower in the country 2. 2. 3 TYPES OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Technical and vocational institution is diveded into two levels first is the upper secondary level (Form 4 and Form 5) is the level where technical and vocational education formally commences. Here, the technical and vocational schools offer the same core subjects as normal academic schools. These cover several core subjects for the languages, mathematics, and sciences but in addition the students are required to take selected technical and vocational subjects from a group of several different options. Secondary Technical Vocational School has 3 streams for selection which includes:Technical Stream, Vocational Stream and Skill Training Stream. Upon completing 2 years of studies at this level, the technical or vocational school students are required to sit for the common public examination called the Malaysia Certificate of Education or Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination similar to those academic school students from the secondary academic schools. However students from the Skill Training stream will sit for Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia* (Malaysian Skill Certificate) after which a government skill qualification is awarded for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 5. The higher level is Technical and Vocational Education at Post Secondary Level This post-secondary level of technical education, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Higher Education, comprises the following public institutions: Polytechnics, Community Colleges, Technical University Colleges and Public Universities. There are currently 19 polytechnics in the country conducting technical and vocational education offering 37 diploma and 26 certificate programmes covering study areas like engineering, commerce, food technology, marine, hospitality and Design. Community Colleges were first established by the government in the year 2000 with the primary objective of providing alternative skill training and education for secondary school leavers and those who have left the formal education system. In order to upgrade the image and professional level of technical and vocational education due to the increasing importance of employment in the industrial sectors, the government has, since 1999, set up 5 technical university colleges to focus on higher technical education offering engineering and related technical programmes designed to produce graduates with strong theoretical and cognitive knowledge and who possess high competency in application skills. They are:Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia ,Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn,Kolej Universiti Teknikal Kebangsaan Malaysia,Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Utara Malaysia and Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Teknologi Malaysia. There are currently a total of 17 public universities in the country which is inclusive of the abovementioned 5 technical university colleges. Besides the 5 specialist technical universities colleges, many of the regular public universities, particularly the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia offer many technical and technological as well as engineering programmes leading to diploma and degree qualifications. In the meantime, as for technician/sub-professional and craft-level courses, the government training agencies which are involved in conducting training for student trainees include the Ministry of Human Resources. These agencies carry out the programmes through Industrial Training Institutes, MARA, under the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development, through the Skills Training Institutes, the Ministry of Youth Sports through Youth Training Centres, and the Ministry of Welfare Services through its Training Centres. In addition, training is also conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture to produce Junior Agricultural Assistants at the Agricultural Institute. Mention must also be made of the training conducted by the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) in various specialised fields for the public and private sectors, as well as training by the National Productivity Centre for the public and private sectors in areas of management and administration. 2. 3 CONCLUSION This chapter gives explaination, definition, development as well as the importance of technical vocational institution. This chapter comprises of variety of institution available and its fuction as well it effect n education system. Besides that,his chapter involves the development of institution from establishment to the current development. The importance which is the advantages is clearly in this chapter to match the objective of the research. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1 INTRODUCTION This research attempts to investigate the importance of technical and vocational institution. This chapter outlines the methodologies engaged in the research. This chapter is extremely important as it determines the success or failure of this research whereby it takes into account of the methodology and procedure used by the researchers to get the necessary and wealthy information. 3. 2 RESEARCH DESIGN In this research, the researchers have chosen to use a qualitative approach in order to collect data. In this research, a set of questionnaires will be administered to a selected number of people. This step is necessary for the researchers to gather the necessary data and submit the findings in a form of report. The data or information obtained from the questionnaire administered will be interpreted in Chapter 4. 3. 3 POPULATION AND SAMPLES The sample of this research will mainly be university students specifically University Industri Selangor (UNISEL) students. The sample will be approximately 20 students. The students will comprise of both male and female students from all races. The subjects will be randomly picked comprising of students with different point of view. 3. 4 INSTRUMENTATION In this research, the instrumentation would be in the form questionnaire. The instrument is revised for its clarity and importance towards the research. The questionnaire will be given to each student. It aims to research on how to improve the technical and vocational education system and make it up to date as well as to research on the importance of this institution in education. Besides that, the questionnaire is to gain opinions and suggestions from the public. 3. 4. 1 QUESTIONNAIRE The student was given a set of questionnaire comprising of 8 closed-ended questions and 2 open-ended question. The questionnaire is used to save time as the result of the questionnaire is easy to be evaluated. The questionnaire is formed in respond of Yes or No answers. The students need to choose and tick or circle the options accordingly. 3. 5 DATA ANALYSIS This research will be analysed using the results of questionnaire carried out the with the university students. The data will then be analysed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) computer software that enables the researchers to do many types of statistical analyses. The percentage of questionnaire results will be analysed and calculated through this software. Then, the researchers will make references based on the statistical analyses. This allows the researchers to have a better quality of research outcomes. CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS 4. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter will mention the results of questionnaire after they are analysed and calculated. The data collected is based on the qualitative approach. The data presented will include the total of 20 samples (students). The questionnaire will be further analysed according to 10 different questions given. 4. 2 QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS. In this section, the data with references to the topic of the research has been collected by distributing 20 set of questionnaires to the university students. The feedbacks and responses from the students have been positive for the researchers to draw a certain conclusion. 4. 2. 1 Q1 The first question in the questionnaire is â€Å"Are you aware of the existence of technical and vocational school? † The question’s objective is to find out whether students are aware of this kind of school’s existence. Based on the questionnaire results, the 20 students who took the survey comprises of 20 samples with different answers. The results is that almost 95% of the students answered yes, and are aware of the existence of this type of institution while 5% of the students were not aware of the existence of this type of institution. This shows that mostly Students are aware of the existence of this type of institution. 4. 2. 2 Q2 The second question in the questionnaire is â€Å"Is technical and vocational institution beneficial? † This question is aimed to find out the importance of this type of institution. Almost 85% of the students agreed that this type of school is beneficial. While 15% of the students did not agree that this institutions were beneficial. This result shows clearly that students in majority agreed that this institution is giving advantages while minority have doubts on its advantages. 4. 2. 3 Q3 The third question is â€Å"Does it helps develop skills? †This question is to determine whether the main medium in this school will help students develop skills. 90% of the response agreed that it develop skills while 10% of the responses found that attending this school does not help develop skills. 4. 2. 4 Q4 Q5 The fourth and fifth questions in the questionnaire are inter-related to each other. Question 4 â€Å"Is technical vocational education up to date? †60% of the students agreed that it was not up to date while only 40% agreed that it was up to date. Question 5 is â€Å"Is it efficient in training skills? † Only 39% agreed that it is efficient while 61% agreed that it was not efficient. This proves that the efficiency of its productivity has link with the current development of this type of institutions. . 4. 2. 5 Q6 Q7 The sixth question in the questionnaire and the seventh question is inter-related too. â€Å"Is it necessary to have vocational technical education system? The results was 90% agreed it is necessary while 10% agreed the other way around. Question seventh is â€Å"Do you think Malaysian vocational technical institution meets the current industrial need? † 40% think it meets the current industrial need while 60% disagree with it. This shows that in question sixths result that it is important to have this type of institution. 4. 2. 6 Q8 The eight question is â€Å"Does it help proving job opportunity in future? † this question aims to prove one of its advantages. 85% agreed that it helps providing job chances while 15% disagree it help in providing job opportunity. This shows that it is important to have this type of institution for students in our country. 4. 2. 7 Q9 Q10. The ninth and the final question in this questionnaire is an open-ended question which is â€Å"In your opinion, what benefit does technical vocational school provides? and â€Å"Suggestions on ways to improve vocational and technical education system†. This final question is to give the students a chance to express their idea or suggestion. Based on the suggestions given, most of the students feel that the main benefit is it develops in training students skills. Besides that, it also provides job opportunity to students and it gives student who are not academically successful an opportunity to excel in a different field of study. The suggestions given was more focused in upgrading the system, the facilities, the study tool, the learning environment as well as the materials in order for Malaysia to take a step forward in industrial development as well as vision 2020. 4. 3 SUMMARY Based on the data collected and using SPSS for the questionnaire, there are more advantages than the disadvantages of having this type of school. Besides that, the importance of technical vocational institution is that it is the current demand of the era that each country produces its own manpower and nation with good quality skills which is useful for the development of the country. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION SUGGESSTION 5. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter incorporates the last aspect of the research which is the most important part of the research. The first section of the chapter will cover the survey of the findings which is based on the main findings. The second section is on implication and suggestion or recommendation. The third section is on the final summary or the conclusion of this survey. 5. 2 SURVEY OF FINDINGS Based on the main findings, it clearly shows that students mostly almost all the students are aware of the importance of the technical vocational institution. Besides that, in building an industrialized nation we have to be aware of the importance keeping and upgrading this type of school to its best level. In a nutshell, there are loads of advantages having and attending technical vocational school. 5. 3 IMPLICATION AND RECOMMENDATION According to the suggestions gathered through the survey, the students strongly agrees that the institution to be upgraded and improved both in its syllabus and also education system to provide conducive learning to take place. Besides that, the skills taught should be inclined with the industries upgrading demand. 5. 4 CONCLUSION In fulfilling the vision 2020, our country of all parties should upgrade its education system. Besides that, having technical and vocational skills is not just as a place for students who are not successful in academic but it should be an institution which produces good quality skilled professionals in future. It should also be a stepping stone for every student attending this school in obtaining better jobs in future. The importance of technical and vocational school is clearly aware by students. Therefore, this institution should be taken seriously into consideration by students as it provides extra knowledge as well as helps develop hands on skill in students. This institution has a great advantage in the industry especially in producing and moulding new generation with certified skills therefore each and every nation should support its development and existence. In a nutshell, everyone should play a major role in keeping the importance of this technical and vocational institution and also support its function in education to make it more efficient. REFERENCES http//:www. wikipedia. com http//:www. studymalaysia. com. my Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7 Ed, 2006 RESEARCH: THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION NAME: Susanthi Rani Rajoo 4091008981 Noorfara Ashikin Ahmad Tarmizi 4091009991 Alyani Mohd Radzi 4091009561 Lisa Mastura Muhd Zahid Poh4073010421 GROUP: 1A SUBJECT: Philosophy and Development of Education Industry In Malaysia LECTURER: Mr Baghawi PROGRAMME: Bachelor Of Education (Hons)(TESL) FACULTY: Faculty Of Education and Language Studies.

Website Development and Design Essay Example for Free

Website Development and Design Essay Web designing is a representation of content that is related to any individual person, any business or company or regarding any topic which is t done with the help of using designs, graphics on the internet in the form of web site and web application which is known with the name of web design, it involves the uses of various technical languages and standards like CSS. SSL, HTML, ASP, XML, etc. Web development and Web designing is totally different to each other as web development is more technical as it concerns with the web site validations and dynamics. It is the collection of web pages that is collectively called as web site or a single entity. The Purpose or Objective: Technical experts are working that helps in fostering or creating a long term relationship with the uses of the web site. Integrating flash animation by using various programming languages and applications such as HTML, WDDX, UML, WML, and ASP.NET Ms-Access. Always keep in mind that the loading of the web pages is fast and make the use convenient. It should be easy to navigate with the less numbers of clicks so that the user is satisfied and does not have to waste time on any one of the topic. Creating web development applications adds and database driven Internet that helps in less time taking processing and is providing security to the user login IDs that it should not be hacked or misused by any other person other than the original user of that ID. The Services Offered Web Application Development: It helps in handling those areas which are diverse as document supervision, and is also providing important discussions on business issues, job management and also providing the banking transactions facilities to the user. Content Management System: The management of content is in the form of documents, web o assets and records that almost anything which is stored electronically. Website Design: It is well crafted that helps in design translation and conversion which shortens the sales. It also helps in building the brands, respect and trust which lead to increase the sales. The increment in the sale will increase the reputation of the business and the goodwill in the market. Custom Software Development: It creates the development processes and makes the technological advancement at the lower prices which increases the sales of the products in the market. Need an essay? You can buy essay help from us today!

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder Are you having troubles falling asleep at nights? Have you tried warm milk, exercise, yoga, all kinds of sleeping pills and youre still tired? Or that you were told that you had talked during your sleep? Maybe youre having sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can be related to mental conditions, physical conditions or substance inducement. There are about seventy different sleep disorders which are divided into two categories. One category comprises disorders in which a person has hard time in getting sleep or staying asleep or falling asleep at improper time. For example, insomnia, narcolepsy, nocturnal leg syndrome. Sleep disorders which people experience physical events while they are sleeping, such as somnambulism, restless leg syndrome, are categorized in another group. The most common sleep disorder that is suffered by millions of people in the world is probably snoring, which is not medically significant; whereas some sleep disorders can actually be very dangerous as it might caus e a sudden heart attack. One of the most interesting sleep disorders is narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder which is suffered by one in every 2,000 people in the United States. It can be very hard to live with. It is easy for people who know nothing about narcolepsy to think that those who are suffering from narcolepsy are simply because partied too much as people who fall asleep at inappropriate times must be having way too much fun until the early morning. But thats a long way from the truth. Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that is caused by the brains failure to adjust sleep-wake cycles normally. People with narcolepsy experience temporary craving to sleep. Patients usually fall asleep for a period of few seconds to several minutes. In some cases, patients may even remain asleep for an hour or longer if the craving becomes overwhelming. Narcoleptic can easily fall into the REM stage of sleep within 10 minutes; whereas most people do not get into REM stage sleep after 90 minutes. Narcoleptic could not control when and where they fall asleep. T hey might fall asleep when waiting for the traffic light, or they could start snoring in the middle of an important meeting. So, narcolepsy can be very dangerous as patients fall asleep at improper times, such as driving, walking, and so on. Therefore, people with narcolepsy should have someone beside to take care of and avoid driving. Do you think people with narcolepsy seem to have longer sleeping time than normal person? In fact, they spend a weaker proportion of their time asleep during a day. Most of them do also experience frequent awakening during night time sleep due to daytime drowsiness and uncontrolled sleep. How do you know youre actually having narcolepsy? There are several symptoms you might have if you suspect youre a narcoleptic. Cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and excessive daytime sleepiness are common traces of narcolepsy. Cataplexy is an immediate loss of muscle tone that leads to a feeling of weakness and a loss of voluntary muscle control, such as limpness at the neck or knees, sagging facial muscles, or failure to speak clearly. The most critical attack results in a complete loss of tone in all voluntary muscles that leads to total physical collapse in which patients are incapable to move, speak or even keep their eyes open. Nonetheless, patients remain conscious throughout cataplexy. The attack can occur at any time during waking period but mostly triggered by instant emotional reactions, such as surprise, anger, fear or laughter. Episode can last for a few seconds or even several minutes. According to the National Institutes of Health, about 10% of all cases, cataplexy is the first symptom to appear and can be misdiagnosed as a sign of a seizure. Patients should avoid having extreme emotional changes to prevent the attack. Sleep paralysis which is also one of the symptoms can cause fleeting inability to move or speak while in both waking period and sleeping period. Sleep paralysis may too last for seconds or even minutes. Generally, patients remain breathing during sleep paralysis, but, its possible that some patients have experience a disheartening sensation of unable to breath. Hypnagogic hallucinations are dream-like experiences that appear before sleep. The sleeping mind beginning to dream earlier than the body has gone fully asleep is the cause of hypnagogic hallucinations, which means that whatever the patients conscious mind is thinking of will become full sensory hallucinations, similar to what happens in dreams. However, the difference between dreams and hypnagogic hallucinations is these images and sounds are occurring while someone is still actually awake. In additional, hypnagogic hallucinations are usually frightening and vivid. Generally, the excessive daytime sleepiness is the first symptom of narcolepsy to occur. The other symptoms may occur after months or year after the onset of the excessive daytime sleepiness. The excessive daytime sleepiness is mostly last permanently, but sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations may not. How do we really confirm that if were infected by narcolepsy, as having some individual symptoms may not prove that were narcoleptics? For example, hypnagogic hallucinations can occur without narcolepsy. The symptoms of narcolepsy are like symptoms of other illness; therefore, it takes as long as 10 to 15 years to have narcolepsy diagnosed after the first symptoms occur. Narcolepsy is always misdiagnosed as learning problem, seizure disorders or even laziness. Nonetheless, there are some tests available, such as Multiple Sleep Latency Test(MSLT), Polysomnography, and the Hypocretin Test. In the MSLT test, patients are required to have a daytime nap for about 20 minutes every 2 hours. Normal people without narcolepsy usually fall asleep within 10-20 minutes; whereas patients with narcolepsy usually fall asleep within 5-8 minutes. This test also shows that how fast you get into REM stage of sleep which narcoleptics easily get into it. Polysomnography is an overnight sleep study which r esult brain activity, eye movements, heart rate, and blood pressure that can find out how quick one falls asleep, how fast one experiences a REM stage of sleep after sleeping and how often one wakes up during the night. The hypocretin test which has not yet become the main diagnosis tool for narcolepsy can measure the level of hypocretin in cerebrospinal fluid. Nacroleptics normally have lower level of hypocretin. Narcolepsy is so interesting yet dangerous, but what causes narcolepsy? Some say heredity, some say infections. What is confirmed is that narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder. It is not caused by mental illness or psychological problem. In fact, scientists have also discovered that narcoleptics are usually lacking in hypocretin, also called  orexin, which is a chemical in the brain that helps promote wakefulness. Nevertheless, the causes of low hypocretin level arent well understood. Researchers think that low hypocretin level isnt caused by individual factor, it might be caused by several factors together, such as infections, brain injuries, heredity, and autoimmune disorders. Despite the disorder has been studied for a long time, the causes of narcolepsy are not determined. However, World Health Organization has discovered some narcoleptics were actually born with a gene that increases the risk of having this rare disease. Scientists found that this gene might have joint effect with H1N1 swine flu vaccine to cause narcolepsy. This is because many cases of narcolepsy among children and adolescents that have been reported in 12 countries in 2009 have received the H1N1 swine flu vaccine earlier before as well. Patients are likely to develop narcolepsy symptoms between 2 and 10 weeks after receiving the vaccine. Researchers also claimed that the risk for those who got vaccinated to get narcolepsy is about 9 times higher than those who did not get vaccinated. There are also reports that show children who ages 5 to 15 are most likely to get narcolepsy. Nevertheless, cases which narcolepsy is linked to H1N1 swine flu vaccine have only been observed in Finland and Sweden, although the vaccine is used in all over the world. Hence, the link between H1N1 swine flu vaccine and the sleep disorder narcolepsy is still being investigated by the World Health Organization. Due to the fact that the causes of narcolepsy are still not known, there is no known way to prevent this dangerous sleep disorder, even treatment of narcolepsy is only to reduce the number of attacks. The goal of treatment is to improve daytime alertness and minimizing symptoms such as cataplexy, hallucinations and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy can usually be controlled with treatment, though. The treatment of narcolepsy is mainly changing in lifestyle. Patients should eat light meals during the day and try to avoid caffeine, alcohol and nicotine as these are factors that may increase the odds of an attack after meals. Narcoleptics may also take naps during the day for 20 to 30 minutes to maintain well functionality and social obligation. Medications can be used to control the symptoms as well. Medication such as Ritalin helps to reduce excessive daytime sleepiness and improves alertness. It has side effects such as headache, irritability, nervousness, notwithstanding its usefulness. U nfortunately, there are no surgical procedures for the treatment of narcolepsy at this time. From the Chinese traditional medicine point of view, the cause of narcolepsy is explained by the Ying-Yang theory. Narcolepsy is developed because of the Ying of ones body is greater than the Yangs and in additional that ones spleen is not functioning well. These are the two main points that cause one to experience drowsiness and also excessive daytime sleeping. However, in Chinese traditional medicine method, it seems to have better treatment than the normal western medicine method. The Chinese have recently invented a medicine that has no side effects for narcoleptics. According to the research done by Mrs. Yang in China who is a Chinese medicine practitioner, 68 patients who taken this healing method for a period of 90 days, 72% of them have obvious improvement, as in the excessive daytime sleeping has been fully cured; 24% of them have improvement, as in the excessive daytime sleeping has almost cured; the other 4% of them have no improvement. This is a great step of treatment fo r narcolepsy as 96% of patients have improvement after taking this healing method. Therefore, this healing method is now spreading out very quickly in China and also received tons of good comments. In conclusion, narcolepsy is a devastating disorder that causes extreme fatigue and often results in the patient falling asleep immediately without warning. It often causes muscle weakness and comes with snoring. Narcoleptic experiences episodes of uncontrollable sleepiness several times a day and it usually happens after meals, but it may also happen at any inappropriate time during the day and last for about fifteen minutes. Patients will then awaken refreshed, only to become exhausted within the next hour or so. It is known that narcolepsy represents a neurological problem of sleep wake mechanisms in the brain yet the causes are still unknown. Although it is not fatal, it still has serious repercussion if the situation gets worse. Thus, it is a dangerous disorder without a cure as it actually affects the brain and muscles. In my opinion, narcolepsy is horrible as it may affect patients in several areas in their lives included daily activities, social functioning and working abilit ies, and it can result in total paralysis, leaving the patients to suffer for the rest of their lives.

Measuring Random Appraisal Error in Commercial Real Estate :: essays research papers

Recent empirical studies imply that most appraisal error is nonrandom, which suggests that strategies that advocate portfolio assembly over individual property selection may be defective. Each step of the appraisal process involves an unknown amount of estimation error. The combination of these errors is unlikely to produce a perfect, error-free estimate of value. Thus, appraisal error is virtually unavoidable. Investors need reasonable estimates of value when buying, selling, or retaining commercial property, so an unknown amount of appraisal error adds uncertainty to the decision-making process. Despite the uncertainty, investors have learned to make allowances for appraisal error in their decision-making processes. The way in which real estate investors interpret appraisal errors has a material effect upon the decisions that they make. In particular, the predominant belief among real estate professionals is that appraisal error is random. This belief materially influences investor attitudes toward portfolio management and the valuation process itself. Lack of understanding of the relative magnitudes of random and nonrandom components of total appraisal error has co nsequences for optimal portfolio strategies. For example, investors who deem the bulk of total appraisal error to be random may reasonably conclude that error in estimates is beyond their control or influence. To minimize total portfolio valuation error, such investors may assemble large, diverse portfolios even though the cost of owning an array of properties of various types and in various locations is expensive. On the other hand, if the bulk of total appraisal error is nonrandom, investors would do better to pay attention to improving value estimates on each property rather than hoping that the errors in values of a large pool of properties will offset one another. In particular, investors should institute valuation controls and procedures to minimize the errors in each valuation of individual portfolio assets. Such controls might include obtaining multiple simultaneous estimates, changing appraisers for each periodic revaluation, or increasing the frequency of valuations. This conclusion becomes particularly significant in light of studies like Miles that determine that the typical magnitude of total appraisal error is about ten percent of appraised value. Information in three recent empirical studies provides evidence that previous appraisal research has been mistaken in assuming most appraisal error to be random. The demonstration that most appraisal error is nonrandom should encourage real estate investors to focus additional attention on individual asset selection and valuation at the expense of portfolio assembly. Estimates of Total Appraisal Error

Drudging Through Academia: Four Articles :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reading the four assigned articles, to me, was equivalent to the â€Å"Reading† section of the ACT. Both seem to drag on for what seems like hours and require much re-reading to comprehend the complete message trying to be conveyed. My point is not that these articles are not worth reading. They contain valuable information about a very tough objective in academia today: writing. More directly, their focus seems to be the different methods available to help improve the writing of the up-and-coming writers of today. The only question I pose is whether all of the points presented in these articles pertain to the every day academy. The common point of the articles is clear: they house the authors’ theories for bettering the work of young writers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The authors of these articles use very persuasive points throughout their individual articles to install their belief in these â€Å"key† elements. Especially evident in the article, â€Å"Inventing the University†, by David Bartholomae, was an arrogant tone toward the â€Å"basic writers† of today’s society. He repeatedly refers to the fact that these â€Å"basic writers† are shut out or do not comprehend the â€Å"privileged language† of the elite group (139). This leads me to believe that the â€Å"basic writers† are unfairly judged simply based on their lack of experience. Being one of these so-called â€Å"basic writers,† I do not especially like my writing being degraded simply because I have a smaller interest in every minuscule detail of academic writing. In â€Å"Building a Mystery: Alternative Research Writing and the Academic Act of Seeking,† by Robert Davis and Mark Shadle, the authors do s omething similar. They bring up the point that most emphasis is put on the research paper while little is put on other projects such as a cultural research project. Such a project would cause the student â€Å"to explore topics of interest and fascination and use a variety of sources to inform projects that combine multiple genres and, in some cases, different media, disciplines, and cultures.† (Davis 431). Also, they assume that nearly all inexperienced writers rely on a type of â€Å"recipe† for research papers and other projects. One could say that this assumption is true since most college students write papers that are cut-and-dry research papers, following exact guidelines set by their instructors. Yet little credit is given to the creativity of these writers, even though it may (and most likely does) exist.